Colostrum – what is it and what are its properties? A comprehensive guide
Colostrum is the first form of nutrition produced by mammals. Rich in essential nutrients, it is increasingly used as an ingredient in dietary supplements. It supports proper immune system function, promotes gut health, and may enhance post-exercise recovery. What exactly is colostrum? Colostrum composition - what does it contain? Goat colostrum properties - how does goat colostrum compare to bovine? Colostrum side effects - is it safe to use?
Table of contents
- Colostrum - what is it?
- What’s better - colostrum or lactoferrin?
- Colostrum - how does it support the immune system?
- Colostrum - effects. What properties does it have?
- Who is colostrum for?
- Colostrum during pregnancy - is it safe?
- Colostrum for children - from what age?
- Colostrum - bovine or goat. How to choose the right one?
- Which brand of colostrum should you choose?
- How long to use colostrum for results?
- Colostrum - reviews
- Colostrum - dosage and intake
- Colostrum - before or after meals?
- Does colostrum have side effects?
Colostrum - what is it?
Colostrum, also called first milk, beestings, or foremilk, is a natural substance secreted by the mammary glands of mammals (including humans) shortly after birth, regulated by hormones such as prolactin and oxytocin.
It has a distinctive yellowish color and is produced for several days after delivery. Over time, colostrum transitions into transitional milk and later mature milk, which differ in nutrient content and properties.
Colostrum is more concentrated than the milk produced in the following weeks. It contains high levels of immunoglobulins and growth factors such as insulin-like growth factors (IGF I and II), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor β-2 (TGF-β2), growth hormone (GH), and cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β). These compounds act as stimulants and mediators in many cellular processes. Colostrum is also rich in protein, fat-soluble vitamins, and minerals, while containing less lactose than mature milk.
Because of its nutritional value, colostrum is gaining popularity among consumers and is increasingly used in cosmetics and dietary supplements. The most common form is bovine colostrum (colostrum bovinum), obtained from cows, though goat, sheep, and even equine colostrum are also of interest.
What’s better - colostrum or lactoferrin?
Alongside colostrum, lactoferrin is another compound gaining recognition for supporting immunity. Lactoferrin, a protein that binds iron, is abundant in colostrum but is also present in organs and bodily fluids such as the kidneys, pancreas, saliva, and blood plasma.
Colostrum vs. lactoferrin — which one to choose? Colostrum is a complex mixture packed with nutrients, while lactoferrin is a single protein that can be isolated from it. Both may support the immune system, but their effects differ. Colostrum has immunomodulating properties, while lactoferrin is known for its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity, inhibiting the growth of bacteria, viruses, and fungi.
Although they share the same source, they differ in composition and action. Choosing between them depends on individual needs and preferences.
Colostrum - how does it support the immune system?
Colostrum influences many body functions, but it is most often valued for immunity. It plays a key role in shaping newborns’ immune defenses, delivering essential nutrients and reducing infection risk. However, its benefits extend beyond infancy, which is why it’s now available as dietary supplements for both children and adults.
Colostrum contains lactoferrin, proline-rich polypeptides, antibodies, lysozyme, and lactoperoxidase — compounds that stimulate the immune system and may have antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal effects. Some components also affect the maturation of T and B lymphocytes, supporting regulation of inflammatory mediators.
Research suggests that colostrum supplementation may lower the frequency of upper respiratory tract infections and infectious diarrhea.
Colostrum - effects. What properties does it have?
Colostrum’s benefits go beyond strengthening the immune system. What else can it do?
It has antioxidant properties, reducing oxidative stress and neutralizing free radicals, thus protecting cells and slowing aging processes. It also supports digestive health by aiding digestion and promoting beneficial gut bacteria. Studies indicate bovine colostrum may improve intestinal barrier integrity, reducing excessive permeability and helping restore the gut lining. Thanks to its anti-inflammatory action, it may also relieve inflammation in the digestive tract.
When asking “what is bovine colostrum good for?” it's worth noting its impact on skin. Growth factors in colostrum can stimulate cell division and differentiation, potentially improving hydration, nourishment, and elasticity, while also reducing wrinkles. It may accelerate wound healing and soothe skin irritation.
Colostrum can also strengthen muscles and speed up recovery, which is particularly important for athletes. Growth factors like IGF-1 may shorten regeneration time and help restore performance.
Its properties are the subject of growing interest among both consumers and researchers. Studies suggest colostrum may have neuroprotective potential and influence the metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, and fatty acids. Preliminary findings also show effects on glycolysis, lipolysis, blood glucose, and cholesterol levels.
Who is colostrum for?
Colostrum is recommended for both adults and children. It may benefit people with weakened immunity and those prone to seasonal infections, as it supports the immune system.
Athletes and people engaging in intense physical activity may also find it useful due to its role in recovery. Additionally, it can be taken during antibiotic therapy thanks to its immunomodulating compounds.
Safe at all ages, colostrum can also be a valuable dietary addition for seniors.
Colostrum during pregnancy - is it safe?
Colostrum is considered safe for pregnant women, with studies showing it may boost immunity and overall health.
However, women allergic to cow’s milk proteins should avoid bovine colostrum. In such cases, goat colostrum may be a better alternative, as it is easier to digest and less allergenic.
Colostrum for children - from what age?
Colostrum for children is popular because of its ability to support immunity and lower infection risk.
While naturally present from birth, supplemental colostrum is usually recommended from the age of two. Still, introducing it should always be consulted with a pediatrician.
Colostrum - bovine or goat. How to choose the right one?
Both goat and bovine colostrum are available as supplements. Bovine colostrum contains higher levels of immunoglobulins but also larger protein molecules, which may be harder to digest for sensitive individuals. Goat colostrum has smaller, more digestible proteins and is less allergenic.
Those seeking immune support may prefer bovine colostrum for its higher immunoglobulin content. Athletes may also benefit more from bovine colostrum due to its growth factor concentration. Meanwhile, people with sensitive digestion or cow’s milk allergies may choose goat colostrum.
Colostrum supplements vary not only by source but also by form — capsules and tablets are convenient, while powdered colostrum is well absorbed and allows flexible dosing. The best choice depends on personal needs and preferences.
Which brand of colostrum should you choose?
The supplement market offers many colostrum products, so choosing a reputable and trusted brand is key. Look for products with a simple composition and high active ingredient content. A reliable option is OstroVit, known for its long-standing experience and high-quality supplements.
How long to use colostrum for results?
The duration of supplementation depends on the goal. For seasonal infections, a 30-day course may be effective. For weakened immunity or immune deficiencies, supplementation for at least three months is recommended.
Colostrum - reviews
Opinions on colostrum vary, as individual responses differ. However, most consumers who use it regularly report positive effects, making it a promising supplement, especially during times of increased infection risk.
Colostrum - dosage and intake
The recommended dose depends on age, health, and goals. Generally, 500–1000 mg daily, split into two doses taken in the morning and evening, is suggested.
Athletes may use up to 4 g daily for recovery, while people at higher risk of seasonal illness may benefit from up to 2 g per day. Children should not exceed 500 mg daily.
Always follow the manufacturer’s instructions on the label and avoid exceeding recommended doses to prevent side effects.
Colostrum - before or after meals?
Many people wonder when to take colostrum for best absorption. Current data suggest it is most effective on an empty stomach, about 30 minutes before meals.
If taken twice daily, the first dose should be before breakfast, and the second 2–3 hours before the last meal.
Does colostrum have side effects?
Colostrum is considered safe, but excessive intake may cause bloating, stomach pain, or nausea. Mild digestive discomfort may occur at the start of supplementation but usually subsides within days.
People with cow’s milk protein allergy may develop allergic reactions to bovine colostrum, including rash, redness, or swelling.
Since colostrum may interact with certain medications such as immunosuppressants, anyone taking prescription drugs should consult a doctor before use.
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