What is lactoferrin? Find out when and how to use this ‘miracle protein’!
Among natural proteins with versatile health properties, lactoferrin is gaining increasing recognition. Although it is not as well known as vitamins or minerals, its effect on the human body can be equally valuable, especially in the context of supporting the immune system and iron metabolism.
What is lactoferrin, what does it help with and how does it work? When should you consider using it? What should you keep in mind when taking dietary supplements containing lactoferrin? Is lactoferrin safe?
Table of contents
Lactoferrin – what is it?
Lactoferrin is a protein from the transferrin family that plays a key role in the process of binding iron ions in mammalian organisms. It is a glycoprotein, which means that it has attached sugars that allow it to perform various functions in organisms.
It occurs naturally in mammalian milk (especially in bovine colostrum, i.e. the first milk produced by the mother), but it can also be found in other mucous secretions and body fluids, such as tears, saliva and respiratory tract mucus. In addition, lactoferrin is produced by neutrophils, or neutrophils, which are the body's first line of defence in the innate response.
In supplements in the form of sachets, capsules and drops, bovine lactoferrin (bovine lactoferrin) obtained from cow's milk is most commonly used. Its effects have been extensively studied, particularly in the context of supporting immunity and intestinal health.
The effects of lactoferrin
As a multifunctional protein, lactoferrin has a number of valuable properties that support the body in fighting infections and improve its functioning on many levels. Although its main role is to influence immune cells and regulate the availability of iron in the body, which is essential for life, it also has other unique effects.
Antibacterial action
One of the most important properties of this multifunctional protein from the transferrin group is its ability to inhibit the growth of bacteria. Lactoferrin works in two ways: firstly, it binds iron, which is essential for the growth of many microorganisms, and secondly, it destroys the cell walls of certain pathogenic bacteria. This inhibits their reproduction and supports the body in fighting bacterial infections.
Anti-inflammatory effect
Lactoferrin found in colostrum and milk also has anti-inflammatory properties that can help alleviate the symptoms of excessive inflammatory reactions. In short, these consist of regulating the secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Regular consumption of lactoferrin can therefore help reduce inflammation in the body and accelerate the regeneration process.
Antiviral effect
An interesting property of lactoferrin is its antiviral effect. This protein makes it difficult for viruses to attach to the body's cells, which is an effective barrier against infections. This applies to both respiratory viruses and other pathogens. Thanks to this function, it can help protect against viral infections.
Antioxidant activity
Lactoferrin is also a natural antioxidant. This means that it neutralises free radicals, which damage cells and accelerate the ageing process. Its antioxidant activity can therefore help protect against oxidative stress, which is one of the main factors leading to many chronic diseases, including cancer.
Immunomodulatory properties
Lactoferrin also supports the immune system. It influences the maturation and activation of immune cells such as lymphocytes and neutrophils. Studies show that lactoferrin improves the body's immune response in states of reduced immunity, while contributing to a reduction in the levels of inflammatory markers such as CRP (C-reactive protein) and IL-6 (interleukin 6).
Lactoferrin supplements and iron absorption
One of the key actions of lactoferrin is to aid iron absorption in the body. This element is essential for the proper functioning of many enzymes, as well as for the production of red blood cells. Lactoferrin binds mineral ions, enabling their transport and absorption in the intestines. This makes it helpful in treating anaemia, especially in pregnant women and people who have problems absorbing the element from traditional preparations.
Lactoferrin supplements and intestinal microflora
Lactoferrin also affects the intestinal microflora. Studies show that it promotes the growth of beneficial bacteria, such as lactic acid bacteria, and inhibits the growth of pathogens. It also improves the integrity of the intestinal barrier, which can prevent unwanted substances from entering the body. For this reason, it can support the microbiota, which is particularly important in the context of digestive problems.
Lactoferrin supplementation
Supplements containing this protein can help the body in various situations. People who suffer from iron deficiency, intestinal microflora problems or recurrent infections can benefit from its properties. Lactoferrin is available in various forms, such as capsules, powder for dissolution or drops.
Who is lactoferrin for?
Children and infants: lactoferrin supplements can be used to support the immune system, especially during periods of increased risk of infection. Milk formulas enriched with lactoferrin can help prevent respiratory tract infections and diarrhoea.
Adults: taking lactoferrin supplements supports immunity and gut health. Products containing this ingredient can be helpful in fighting bacterial and viral infections and in cases of anaemia.
How long can lactoferrin be used?
Lactoferrin supplementation usually lasts from several weeks to several months, depending on the purpose. For immune support or treatment of pregnancy anaemia, the duration of use is usually 8–12 weeks. Taking lactoferrin does not carry a risk of addiction, and its effects can be noticed after just a few weeks of regular use.
The typical dosage is 100 mg to 300 mg per day. For the treatment of iron deficiency, 200–250 mg of lactoferrin per day is recommended for several weeks. It is important to follow the recommendations of the manufacturer or your doctor. Lactoferrin can be taken with or without food, although in the case of stomach problems, it is better to take it with a small meal.
Lactoferrin – contraindications and side effects
Lactoferrin is considered a safe substance, but there are some contraindications to its use. People who are allergic to cow's milk proteins should avoid supplements containing bovine lactoferrin. People with excess iron (e.g. haemochromatosis) should also consult their doctor before using lactoferrin. The most common side effects include mild gastrointestinal discomfort, such as bloating, constipation or loose stools, which usually disappear after adjusting the dose.
Lactoferrin is a protein with a wide range of health benefits. It can support immunity, gut health, iron absorption and help fight infections. If you have any doubts about using lactoferrin, it is always a good idea to consult your doctor to choose the right form and dosage of the supplement.
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