White tea – benefits, brewing method, and contraindications
White tea is a beverage that is gaining increasing popularity worldwide and is considered one of the oldest types of tea. It has a delicate taste, free from the tannin bitterness, and is eagerly consumed by enthusiasts of infusions made from the tea plant. What are the benefits of white tea? How is it harvested? How should white tea be brewed? What are the health properties of white tea? Is white tea good for weight loss?
Table of contents
What is white tea?
All teas available on the market — including black, green, red, and white tea — are derived from the same plant, the Camellia sinensis shrub. The type of tea depends on the harvest timing, method of drying, and processing techniques. What sets white tea apart?
White tea is a regional and seasonal product traditionally from China, specifically grown in the Fujian province located in southeastern China, along the Taiwan Strait. The plant is harvested in early spring. This tea is made from the buds and leaves of the Camellia sinensis shrub, which, following traditional methods, undergo minimal processing.
The production of white tea involves naturally sun-drying the plant, which contributes to minimal oxidation of the valuable compounds in the buds and leaves, making white tea rich in beneficial substances.
History and production of white tea
White tea has a pale yellow color and gets its name from the white fuzz that covers the buds when the plant is harvested.
The history of the tea dates back to the early Chinese dynasties (6th to 13th century), when it was prepared as part of annual tributes paid to the emperor. Records from the Song dynasty show that young tea buds were harvested in early spring and steamed. The outer leaves were then removed, and the remaining plant material was rinsed with spring water and dried. The dried buds were ground and infused with hot water. Due to the high production costs, only the emperor could afford this rare tea.
Today’s method of producing white tea differs slightly from that used centuries ago. While the timing of the harvest remains the same, modern techniques require tea bushes meant for white tea production to be shielded from sunlight for several months before harvesting. This process depletes the chlorophyll in the buds, which facilitates drying.
After harvest, the buds are left to wither and dry either under the sun or in special drying rooms for 72 hours. Unlike other types of tea, they are not subjected to natural fermentation, which results in a delicate flavor.
White tea and caffeine
For many years, white tea was believed to contain significantly less caffeine than other teas. Recent studies, however, show that white tea may not only have caffeine content comparable to black tea but may even contain more of the stimulating compound.
However, it’s important to note that the brewing time for white tea is shorter than for other teas, which may result in lower caffeine levels in the final cup. Studies suggest that a cup of white tea may provide anywhere from 6 to 55 mg of caffeine, with the exact amount depending on factors such as brewing time, temperature, leaf size, and the specific variety of white tea.
White tea - health benefits
The growing interest in white tea is due not only to its unique aroma but also to its potential beneficial effects on human health. White tea is rich in antioxidants, such as polyphenols and catechins, as well as tannins and caffeine.
White tea may have antioxidant properties, combating free radicals and reactive oxygen species, thereby reducing oxidative stress and slowing down aging processes. Moreover, tea made from early spring leaves and buds of Camellia sinensis may support immune function by stimulating the body’s defense mechanisms and reducing the risk of viral, bacterial, and fungal infections.
It contains fluoride and catechins, which may strengthen tooth enamel, protect against cavities, and prevent the growth of harmful bacteria in the mouth. Additionally, due to its low tannin content, white tea can help maintain the natural whiteness of teeth and prevent staining.
Preliminary studies also suggest that white tea may have a positive effect on insulin function and help lower blood sugar levels, making it a valuable addition to the diet of people with diabetes or insulin resistance. However, more research is needed to confirm the positive effects of white tea on diabetic patients.
Studies have also shown that white tea extract may influence lipid metabolism and cholesterol levels, helping to reduce the production of very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) while lowering triglyceride levels in the blood. Research also suggests that white tea may benefit liver conditions such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Additionally, animal studies indicate that white tea extract may help prevent bone loss, showing protective effects by reducing bone resorption in individuals with osteoporosis.
Does white tea stimulate?
White tea contains caffeine, or more specifically, theine, which has stimulating effects. Therefore, like other drinks made from Camellia sinensis leaves, white tea can increase energy levels, improve focus and concentration, and enhance speed, performance, and reflexes.
White tea and hypertension
Studies indicate that the polyphenols in white tea may have positive effects on the cardiovascular system, protecting the heart and blood vessels from oxidative stress. The catechins in the leaves and buds of Camellia sinensis can contribute to strengthening blood vessel walls and reducing LDL cholesterol levels in the blood.
The valuable compounds in white tea can support heart health, help reduce blood pressure, and lower the risk of hypertension. Furthermore, it may reduce the likelihood of developing atherosclerosis or coronary artery disease.
White tea and weight loss
Like green tea, white tea contains caffeine and catechins, compounds that can support fat burning processes. White tea extract may increase energy expenditure, boost metabolism, and help break down lipids in the body, while also preventing the formation of new fat cells.
Scientific studies suggest that white tea extract can induce thermogenesis, reduce inflammation, and help prevent excessive weight gain, thus lowering the risk of obesity.
Uses of white tea
White tea is most commonly consumed as an infusion. While it is often enjoyed on its own, it may also be found in tea blends, combined with jasmine or dried fruits.
White tea is increasingly included in dietary supplements, particularly those designed for weight loss. Occasionally, it can be found in energizing supplements or pre-workout formulas.
Moreover, the early spring leaves and buds of the tea plant are frequently used in cosmetics, especially in anti-aging products, where they are incorporated into toners, creams, and face masks.
How to brew white tea?
Brewing white tea is very simple. To make a delicate infusion with its characteristic taste, place one or two teaspoons of white tea leaves in a cup and pour warm (not boiling) water over them — typically, the water should be around 75°C (167°F). Steep the tea for 1 to 3 minutes, then separate the tea from the leaves, sit back, and enjoy the aromatic flavor of the beverage.
White tea should be stored in airtight containers to protect it from moisture. It is best to keep the tea in a cool, dark place, away from direct sunlight.
Contraindications and side effects of white tea
White tea is generally considered a safe drink, and when consumed in moderation, it should not cause any adverse effects. However, excessive consumption or drinking tea with a long steeping time may lead to symptoms such as overstimulation, difficulty concentrating, headaches, heart rhythm disturbances, and sleep issues, which are typically due to the high caffeine content.
Pregnant women and breastfeeding mothers should be cautious about consuming white tea due to its caffeine content. Additionally, because the tannins in the tea may increase the excretion of iron, it is not recommended for individuals with anemia.
White tea should also be consumed in moderation by those suffering from peptic ulcers, and people taking blood-thinning or pain-relief medications should consult their doctor before consuming white tea.
Bibliography: