What is niacinamide? Properties and uses
Niacinamide is a derivative of vitamin B3 that can have a wide range of effects on the human body. Most commonly used in skincare products, it helps slow down skin aging, reduces excess sebum production, and supports skin hydration. But what exactly does niacinamide do? How should you use niacinamide in your skincare routine? And what issues can it help address?
Table of contents
What is niacinamide?
Also known as nicotinamide or the amide form of nicotinic acid, niacinamide is a water-soluble derivative of vitamin B3, also referred to as vitamin PP. It’s an essential nutrient that's gaining popularity for its applications in skincare, medicine, and dietary supplements.
Niacinamide is one of two forms of vitamin B3 and is highly stable—resistant to acids, bases, high temperatures, and oxygen. It’s widely recognized as a safe and multifunctional compound.
Niacinamide - key properties
Niacinamide offers a wide range of valuable properties. It’s easily absorbed by the skin and plays a role in energy production, DNA repair, and the synthesis of essential molecules like NAD+ and NADP+, which are crucial for mitochondrial function.
Additionally, niacinamide has anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects, helping reduce inflammation and limit bacterial growth. Its antioxidant properties help combat oxidative stress, slow down aging, and neutralize free radicals and reactive oxygen species.
It can also help regulate sebum production, reduce skin oiliness, and minimize the appearance of pores, leaving the skin smoother and softer. Niacinamide supports the skin’s hydrolipid barrier, which helps maintain proper hydration levels in both the surface and deeper layers of the skin. It may also reduce hyperpigmentation by inhibiting melanin production, leading to a more even skin tone and a brighter complexion.
Furthermore, niacinamide can improve circulation by dilating blood vessels, which may enhance the health of the skin and mucous membranes.
Niacinamide benefits - what is it good for?
Thanks to its broad range of actions, niacinamide can visibly improve skin condition by reducing redness, minimizing pores, soothing inflammation, and helping manage acne. It also lightens hyperpigmentation and post-acne marks, evens out skin tone, and supports collagen retention, which slows signs of aging and reduces fine lines.
It helps prevent transepidermal water loss and boosts the performance of moisturizing products while strengthening the skin’s lipid barrier.
How to use niacinamide
Niacinamide is commonly found in products designed for oily, acne-prone, or sensitive skin, as well as in brightening and anti-aging formulas. It's available in serums, creams, oils, gels, emulsions, and toners.
In most skincare products, niacinamide concentrations range from 2% to 5%. Although higher concentrations are available, it’s best to start with lower doses, which are often effective enough to deliver visible results. A 10% concentration may be ideal for acne-prone or oily skin that doesn’t respond to lower strengths.
What not to mix with niacinamide
While niacinamide is considered safe and well-tolerated, it may interact with certain ingredients. For instance, combining it with pure vitamin C (ascorbic acid) can cause irritation, burning, itching, or redness. If you use both, it’s best to apply them at different times of day or choose a vitamin C derivative that’s compatible with niacinamide.
Also, avoid using niacinamide alongside products with AHA or BHA acids, as their differing pH levels can reduce the effectiveness of both ingredients.
What to supplement for better results
To boost the effectiveness of niacinamide and support your skincare goals, consider pairing it with dietary supplements containing:
- hyaluronic acid
- zinc
- retinol
- collagen
- antioxidants
These compounds may complement niacinamide and offer additional skin-supporting benefits.
Niacinamide - side effects
Niacinamide is hypoallergenic and generally well tolerated. When used as directed, it rarely causes side effects.
However, excessive use or high concentrations may lead to temporary flushing due to dilated blood vessels, or irritation, burning, and itching in sensitive individuals.
To avoid adverse reactions, consult a dermatologist before introducing new niacinamide-based products, especially if your skin is reactive.
Conclusion: why should you use niacinamide?
Niacinamide is a safe and versatile compound that can benefit both skin and overall health. It supports hydration, improves tone, and enhances the skin’s condition and function. When used mindfully and at the appropriate concentration and form, it can become a valuable part of your skincare routine, helping reduce discoloration, inflammation, and acne - ultimately contributing to healthier, more radiant skin.
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